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Aqui van a aprender mucho sobre el futuro y los pronombres relativos y interogativos. Presionen abajo para mas informacion o pueden escribir a la Prof. Juana abajo.
hurtado95@yahoo.com
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/future.htm
Future Tense
The future tense is used to tell what "will" happen, or what "shall" happen.
I will go to the beach next month.
I shall write the letter next week.
But, the future tense is not used to express a willingness to do something. For this, use the verb "querer."
Quieres ir a la tienda?
Will you go to the store?
The future tense is also used to express wonder or probability in the present state.
Quien sera ella?
I wonder who she is? (Who could she be?)
Estara viajando solo.
He is probably traveling alone.
For actions that will occur in the near future, the present tense is more commonly used.
Esta noche voy al cine.
Tonight I'm going to the movies.
Further in the future, use the future tense.
El ano que viene ira a Espana.
Next year I'm going to Spain.
Regular verbs in the future tense are conjugated by adding the following endings to the infinitive form of the verb: -e, -as, -a, -emos, -eis, -an.
hablare
hablaras
hablara
hablaremos
hablareis
hablaran
There are twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future tense. Their endings are regular, but their stems change. Since the endings are the same as all other future tense verbs, we show only the "yo" form, and have underlined the irregular stem. We have also grouped them according to their patterns of change.
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caber
yo cabre |
poner
yo pondre |
decir
yo dire |
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haber
yo habre |
salir
yo saldre |
hacer
yo hare |
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poder
yo podre |
tener
yo tendre |
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querer
yo querre |
valer
yo valdre |
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saber
yo sabre |
venir
yo vendre |
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Note that compound verbs based on the irregular verbs inherit the same irregularities. Here are a few examples:
desquerer
yo desquerre
resaber
yo resabre
anteponer
yo antepondre
mantener
yo mantendre
prevaler
yo prevaldre
88. Future Tense
Infinitive + ending
(-e, -as, -a, -emos, -eis, -an)
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/relproque.htm
Relative Pronouns: que
The next few lessons will cover a subject called "relative pronouns." Remember, pronouns are words that refer to a noun. "Relative" pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.
One way to view relative pronouns is to recognize that they combine two sentences that share a common noun. In the following example, the common noun is "milk" or "leche".
Donde esta la leche?
Where is the milk?
Compraste leche.
You bought milk.
Donde esta la leche que compraste?
Where is the milk that you bought?
Another way to view relative pronouns is to recognize that they are used to introduce a clause that modifies a noun. In the following example, the clause "I finished last night" modifies the noun "book".
Termine el libro anoche.
I finished the book last night.
El libro es muy extenso.
The book is very long.
El libro que termine anoche es muy extenso.
The book that I finished last night is very long.
The most common relative pronoun, and the one used in the previous two examples is "que". It can be used to refer to both persons and things, in either the subject or the object position. "Que" is the Spanish equivalent of the English words who, whom, which, and that.
El hombre que es pobre ... (person, subject)
The man who is poor ...
Los libros que son extensos ... (thing, subject)
The books which are long ...
La senorita que conoci ... (person, object)
The young lady whom I met ...
La carta que leiste ... (thing, object)
The letter that you read ...
The relative pronoun is often omitted in English, but it is never omitted in Spanish.
La casa que compramos es nueva.
The house (that) we bought is new.
El programa que miraba era comico.
The show (that) I was watching was comical.
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http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/relproquien.htm
Relative Pronouns: quien
Continuing with the subject of "relative pronouns," remember that pronouns are words that refer to a noun. "Relative" pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.
The relative pronoun "quien" is used only to refer to people, and has a plural form "quienes". (There is no masculine/feminine distinction.)
Mi tio, quien es profesor, viene a visitarme hoy dia.
My uncle, who is a professor, is coming to visit me today.
La chica, con quien fui al cine, es mi novia.
The girl, with whom I went to the movies, is my girlfriend.
Quien estudia bastante, gana buenas notas.
He who studies hard earns good grades.
When the relative pronoun refers to a person and is in the direct object position, either "que" or "a quien" may be used. Each is correct. Notice that the "personal a" is used with "quien" but in not use with "que".
La senorita que conoci anoche es la hermana de Raquel.
La senorita a quien conoci anoche es la hermana de Raquel.
The young lady whom I met last night is Raquel's sister.
When the relative pronoun occurs after a preposition and refers to a person, "quien" must be used. After a preposition, "que" is only used to refer to things.
Los chicos, con quienes fuimos a la playa, son nuestros amigos.
The boys, with whom we went to the beach, are our friends.
El libro en que pienso es extenso, no es corto.
The book I'm thinking of is long, not short.
In English, although it is technically incorrect, common usage often finds a sentence ending in a preposition. Notice that this never occurs in Spanish.
Ella es la senorita en quien estoy pensando.
She is the young lady I'm thinking about. / She is the young lady about whom I'm thinking.
Mi padre es la persona a quien envio la carta.
My father is the person I'm sending the letter to. / My father is the person to whom I'm sending the letter.
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http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/relproelque.htm
Relative Pronouns: el que, la que, los que, las que - and lo que
Continuing with the subject of "relative pronouns," remember that pronouns are words that refer to a noun. "Relative" pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.
The relative pronoun "el que" (and its related forms) is used to refer to both people and things. Note that there are four forms to accomodate singular and plural, masculine and feminine: el que, la que, los que, las que.
Mi tia, la que es profesora, viene a visitarme hoy dia.
My aunt, the one who is a professor, is coming to visit me today.
Las mesas, las que son de plastico, son baratas.
The tables, the ones that are made of plastic, are cheap.
Mi tio, el que es taxista, llegara pronto.
My uncle, the one who is a taxi driver, will arrive soon.
Mis pantalones, los que son viejos, son muy comodos.
My pants, the ones that are old, are very comfortable.
Another set of relative pronouns can be used in place of el que, la que, los que, and las que:
el cual
la cual
los cuales
las cuales
These are not commonly used in everyday conversation, and are generally reserved for written Spanish or formal oratory.
When the relative pronoun refers to an abstract idea, use "lo que".
Lo que quieres no existe.
That which you want does not exist.
No comprendo lo que ocurre.
I do not understand that which is happening.
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http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/reladjcuyo.htm
Relative Adjectives: cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas
We include the relative adjective "cuyo" (and it's related forms) in this discussion because it relates the owner to that which is owned, as does the English "whose". Note that there are four forms to accomodate singular and plural, masculine and feminine: cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas.
La nina, cuyo padre es profesor, es muy simpatica.
The girl, whose father is a professor, is very nice.
El hombre, cuya madre murio, escribio su biografia.
The man, whose mother died, wrote her biography.
El coche, cuyos faros no funcionan, es un peligro.
The car, whose lights do not work, is a danger.
Pedro, cuyas hermanas son guapas, es mi amigo.
Pedro, whose sisters are beautiful, is my friend.
Note that the adjective agrees in number and gender with the thing being owned, not with the owner:
La nina, cuyo padre es profesor, es muy simpatica.
El hombre, cuya madre murio, escribio su biografia.
El coche, cuyos faros no funcionan, es un peligro.
Pedro, cuyas hermanas son guapas, es mi amigo.
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http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/relprorev.htm
Relative Pronouns and Adjectives: Review
The past few lessons have covered the subject of "relative pronouns." The most common relative pronoun is "que". It can be used to refer to both persons and things, in either the subject or the object position. "Que" is the Spanish equivalent of the English words who, whom, which, and that.
El hombre que es pobre ... (person, subject)
The man who is poor ...
Los libros que son extensos ... (thing, subject)
The books which are long ...
La senorita que conoci ... (person, object)
The young lady whom I met ...
La carta que leiste ... (thing, object)
The letter that you read ...
The relative pronoun "quien" is used only to refer to people, and has a plural form "quienes". (There is no masculine/feminine distinction.)
Mi tio, quien es profesor, viene a visitarme hoy dia.
My uncle, who is a professor, is coming to visit me today.
When the relative pronoun refers to a person and is in the direct object position, either "que" or "a quien" may be used. Each is correct. Notice that the "personal a" is used with "quien" but in not use with "que".
La senorita que conoci anoche es la hermana de Raquel.
La senorita a quien conoci anoche es la hermana de Raquel.
The young lady whom I met last night is Raquel's sister.
When the relative pronoun refers to a person and occurs after a preposition, "quien" must be used. After a preposition, "que" is only used to refer to things.
Los chicos, con quienes fuimos a la playa, son nuestros amigos.
The boys, with whom we went to the beach, are our friends.
El libro en que pienso es extenso, no es corto.
The book I'm thinking of is long, not short.
The relative pronoun "el que" (and it's related forms) is used to refer to both people and things. Note that there are four forms to accomodate singular and plural, masculine and feminine: el que, la que, los que, las que.
Mi tia, la que es profesora, viene a visitarme hoy dia.
My aunt, the one who is a professor, is coming to visit me today.
Las mesas, las que son de plastico, son baratas.
The tables, the ones that are made of plastic, are cheap.
Mi tio, el que es taxista, llegara pronto.
My uncle, the one who is a taxi driver, will arrive soon.
Mis pantalones, los que son viejos, son muy comodos.
My pants, the ones that are old, are very comfortable.
Another set of relative pronouns can be used in place of el que, la que, los que, and las que:
el cual
la cual
los cuales
las cuales
These are not commonly used in everyday conversation, and are generally reserved for written Spanish or formal oratory.
When the relative pronoun refers to an abstract idea, use "lo que".
Lo que quieres no existe.
That which you want does not exist.
No comprendo lo que ocurre.
I do not understand that which is happening.
The relative adjective "cuyo" (and it's related forms) relates the owner to that which is owned, as does the English "whose". Note that there are four forms to accomodate singular and plural, masculine and feminine: cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas.
La nina, cuyo padre es profesor, es muy simpatica.
The girl, whose father is profesor, is very nice.
El hombre, cuya madre murio, escribio su biografia.
The man, whose mother died, wrote her biography.
El coche, cuyos faros no funcionan, es un peligro.
The car, whose lights do not work, is a danger.
Pedro, cuyas hermanas son guapas, es mi amigo.
Pedro, whose sisters are beautiful, is my friend.
Note that the adjective agrees in number and gender with the thing being owned, not with the owner:
La nina, cuyo padre es profesor, es muy simpatica.
El hombre, cuya madre murio, escribio su biografia.
El coche, cuyos faros no funcionan, es un peligro.
Pedro, cuyas hermanas son guapas, es mi amigo.
The relative pronoun is often omitted in English, but it is never omitted in Spanish.
La casa que compramos es nueva.
The house (that) we bought is new.
El programa que miraba era comico.
The show (that) I was watching was comical.
In English, although it is technically incorrect, common usage often finds a sentence ending in a preposition. Notice that this never occurs in Spanish.
Ella es la senorita en quien estoy pensando.
She is the young lady I'm thinking about. / She is the young lady about whom I'm thinking.
Mi padre es la persona a quien envio la carta.
My father is the person I'm sending the letter to. / My father is the person to whom I'm sending the letter.
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http://spanish.about.com/library/beginning/aa-beg-pronouns-relative.htm
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Que and Other Relative Pronouns |
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Spanish for Beginners |
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Relative pronouns can be used quite differently in Spanish than in English, and the fine points of their use goes well beyond what would be expected of beginners. So keep in mind that most of this lesson focuses on the most common usages; as you learn Spanish you will learn other sentence constructions as well.
Relative pronouns are pronouns that are used to introduce a clause that provides
more information about a noun. Thus in the sentence "The man who is singing is my father," the relative pronoun is "who"; the clause "who is singing" provides further information about the sentence's subject, "the man." In the Spanish equivalent, el hombre que canta es mi padre, the relative pronoun is que.
Common relative pronouns in English include "that," "which," "who," "whom" and "whose" (although these words also have other uses). In Spanish, by far the most common relative pronoun is que. As can be seen in the following sentences, it usually means "that," "which" or "who."
- Espero que venga. (I hope that he comes.)
- Tiene los zapatos que necesita. (She has the shoes that she needs.)
- Conozco a los ninos que estaban aqui. (I know the boys who were here.)
- Compre el coche en que andabamos. (I bought the car in which we rode.)
- Mi hermano es el hombre que salio. (My brother is the man who left.)
Omission of "that" in English: Note that in the first two sentences above, the word "that" can be omitted in English. However, in Spanish the relative pronoun cannot be omitted. Notice how the following examples use a relative pronoun that isn't included in the first English translation:
- Es cierto que el va a ganar. (It is certain he is going to win. It is certain that he is going to win.)
- Donde esta el periodico que compre esta manana? (Where is the newspaper I bought this morning? Where is the newspaper that I bought this morning?)
- Ella me dijo que va al cine. (She told me she is going to the movies. She told me she that is going to the movies.)
Other relative pronouns: As a beginner, you likely won't need to use the other relative pronouns of Spanish, but you certainly will come across them in writing and speech. At this point, you don't need to learn the rules of their usage, but you should recognize them when you see or hear them. Here they are with examples of their usage:
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Pronombre |
Common translations |
Examples |
Notes |
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quien, quienes |
who, whom |
Es el medico de quien le dije. (He is the doctor whom I told you about.) Conozco a Sofia, quien tiene dos coches. (I know Sophia, who has two cars.) |
A common mistake by English speakers is to use quien when que should be used. Quien is most commonly used following a preposition, as in the first example. It can also be used in what grammarians call a nonrestrictive clause, one separated by commas from the noun it describes, as in the second example. In that second example, que also could be used instead of quien. |
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el cual, la cual, lo cual, los cuales, las cuales |
which, who, whom |
Rebeca es la mujer con la cual vas a viajar. (Rebeca is the woman with whom you are going to travel.) |
This pronoun must match the noun it refers to in both number and gender. It is used in formal writing more often than in speech. |
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el que, la que, lo que, los que, las que |
which, who, whom |
Rebeca es la mujer con la que vas a viajar. (Rebeca is the woman with whom you are going to travel.) |
This pronoun must match the noun it refers to in both number and gender. It is often interchangeable with el cual but is somewhat more informal in usage. |
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cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas |
whose |
Es la profesora cuyo hijo tiene el coche. (She is the teacher whose son has the car.) |
This pronoun functions something like an adjective and must match the noun it modifies in both number and gender. It is used more in writing than in speech. It normally isn't used in questions, where de quien is used instead, as in De quien es esta computadora? for "Whose computer is this?" |
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donde |
where |
Voy al mercado donde se venden manzanas. (I'm going to the market where they sell apples.) |
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http://spanish.about.com/library/beginning/aa-beg-pronouns-interrogative.htm
Interrogative Pronouns |
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Spanish for Beginners |
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As their name suggests, interrogative pronouns are those pronouns that are used almost exclusively in questions. As in English, interrogative pronouns are typically placed at or very near the beginning of a sentence.
Following are the interrogative pronouns in Spanish with examples of their usage. Note that in some cases the pronouns can vary in translation when they follow a preposition. Also, some of the pronouns exist in singular and plural forms and (in the case of cuÃÆ’ƒÂ¡nto) masculine and feminine forms that should match the noun they stand for.
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Pronombre |
Translation |
Examples |
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quien, quienes |
who, whom |
Quien es tu amiga? (Who is your friend?) Quien es? (Who is it?) A quienes conociste? (Whom have you met?) Con quien andas? (Whom are you walking with?) De quien es esta computadora? (Whose computer is this?) Para quienes son las comidas? (Whom are the meals for?) |
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que |
what (The phrases por que and para que are usually translated as "why." Por que is more common than para que. They are sometimes interchangeable; para que can be used only when asking about the intent or purpose of something happening and can be thought of as meaning "what for.") |
Que es esto? (What is this?) Que pasa? (What's happening?) En que piensas? (What are you thinking about?) De que hablas? (What are you talking about?) Para que estudiaba espanol? (Why did you study Spanish? What did you study Spanish for?) Por que se rompio el coche? (Why did the car break down?) |
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donde |
where (to say "to where" use adonde instead of a donde, which usually is considered old-fashioned) |
Donde esta? (Where is it?) De donde es Roberto? (Where is Roberto from?) Adonde vas? (Where are you going to?) |
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cuando |
when |
Cuando salimos? (When are we leaving?) Para cuando estara listo? (For when will it be ready?) Hasta cuando quedan ustedes? (Until when are you staying?) |
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cual, cuales |
which one, which ones (This word also can often be translated as "what." Generally speaking, when cual is used it suggests the making of a selection from more than one alternative.) |
Cual prefieres? (Which one do you prefer?) Cuales prefieres? (Which ones do you like?) |
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como |
how |
Como esta¡s? (How are you?) Como lo haces? (How do you do it?) |
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cuanto, cuanta, cuantos, cuantas |
how much, how many |
Cuanto hay? (How much is there?) Cuantos? (How many?) [The masculine form is used unless in context it is known you are referring to an object or objects that are grammatically feminine. For example, cuantos? might mean "how many pesos?" because peso is masculine, while cuantas? might mean "how many towels?" because toalla is feminine.] |
As you may have noticed, the interrogative pronouns are all spelled with accent marks that do not affect the pronunciation. Many of the interrogative pronouns also can be used in statements (as opposed to questions) without the accent marks. Note also that many of the interrogative pronouns can be used as other parts of speech, including adjectives and adverbs, either with or without the accent marks.) |
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What's What in Interrogatory Pronouns
'Que' vs. 'cual'
Que and cual form one of those word pairs that can be confusing to people learning Spanish, because they both are often translated as the same words into English.
The two words, when they have accents, are used as pronouns in questions to mean "what" or "which." (Without accents, they normally aren't used in questions and most often are connecting words or, technically speaking, relative pronouns, translated "which" or "that." Those forms will be explained in a future feature.) They can stand for either feminine or masculine objects as well as ideas or concepts. Que is the same in the singular and plural forms; the plural of cual is cuales.
It is sometimes said that que is closer to "what" in meaning, and cual is closer to "which." But that rule isn't always reliable.
Que is used when asking for definitions.
- Que es una ciudad? What is a city?
- Que hace un presidente? What does a president do?
- Que significa "talanquera"? What does "talanquera" mean?
Que normally is most often used before nouns (although cual isn't necessarily incorrect and you will hear it sometimes used to mean "which"):
- De que color es la camisa? What color is the shirt?
- Que casa prefieres? Which house do you prefer?
- Que libro leiste? Which book did you read?
Cual usually is used before es and other forms of ser when not seeking a definition:
- Cual es tu numero de telefno? What is your phone number?
- Cua es tu problema? What is your problem?
- Cuales son la ciudades masgrandes? What are the biggest cities?
Cual is used to suggest a selection or choice from among a group:
